Ancient Aeronautics ("Vymanika") - Fiction or Fact????

For today, let us consider a topic which has many controversies going on around it these days. You could have heard about many "Vimanas" or "flying machines" in many of our Puranic stories and Epics. But I do not know how many of you know that there is a Text/Scripture exists on this particular context which explains about air-crafts of the ancient time period? And an experiment has been done on flying in 1895? This text and experiment (both are separate) are creating series of arguments and debates around them.  "Vymanika Shastra"  is the text and Shivkar Bapuji Talpade was the one who did the experiment.

Before going into the details about these, let us first take a look into the Flying air-crafts and machines as described in Epics and stories.

FLYING CITIES IN THIRIPURA SAMHARA :

Thripuranthaka, a manifestation of Lord Shiva, is known for this Thiripura Samhara. Once, three demons named Taarakaksha, Kamalaaksha and Vidunmaali got a boon from Lord Brahma and got three flying cities. Those cities were made of Gold, Silver and Iron respectively and were capable of revolving independently in the sky. Additionally the demons also requested Brahma that they should die only with a single arrow, shot when the three flying cities converge together and such convergence should happen only in every 1000 years. After getting such boon, they disturbed Devas and Sages by landing their flying cities in their terrain (worlds) and by attacking and destroying them. Finally Lord Shiva, as Thiripuranthaka, killed them in the way exactly requested by the demons.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tripurantaka

Interestingly, the essence of this mythological story (the flying cities) is coming true in modern days. People today are foreseeing such flying cities could be possible in the future. Please go to google and type "flying cities of the future" to know it yourself. Also take a look into this news, which talks about "NASA wants to build  a floating city above the clouds of Venus"

http://www.cnet.com/news/nasa-wants-to-build-a-floating-city-above-the-clouds-of-venus/

PUSHPAKA VIMANA IN RAMAYANA :

Most of you would have heard about this Vimana. It was originally designed for "Brahma" by "Vishvakarma" (The principal Architect). Later, Brahma gave it to Kubera,  But the same was stolen later by Ravana. Ramayana describes this Vimana as "That aerial and excellent Vimana goes everywhere at will......and the king(Rama) got in and the excellent chariot at the command of the Raghira, rose up into the higher atmosphere"

AIR-CRAFTS IN MAHABARATHA :

The Epic Mahabaratha talks about air-crafts in various instances. Krishna was not present during the time of the gamble game between Pandavas and Kauravas. The reason being he had to fight with a king called "Salva" who attacked Krishna's Dwaraka city, staying one krosa (4000 ft) above ground level in his powerful flying machine. 

In another instance, where a sage called "Muthkala" performed many noble things and because of his deeds, he got the blessing to stay in heaven. "Devaloka Vimana" came to pick him up but he refused stating that "stay in heaven is not permanent. When the rewards for my good deeds are over, I would be again in the cycle of Birth and Death. I want and aim only for salvation and not stay in heaven."

Another incident as described as below :

OTHER ACCOUNTS :

Vedic texts have also mentioned about air-crafts.

"O royal skilled engineer, construct sea-boats, propelled on water by our experts, and airplanes, moving and flying upward, after the clouds that reside in the mid-region, that fly as the boats move on the sea, that fly high over and below the watery clouds. Be thou, thereby, prosperous in this world created by the Omnipresent God, and flier in both air and lightening.(Yajur Veda, 10.19)

The Rig Veda, talks about the following modes of transportation:

• Jalayan - a vehicle designed to operate in air and water. (Rig Veda 6.58.3)
• Tritala - a vehicle consisting of three stories. (Rig Veda 3.14.1)
• Trichakra Ratha - a three-wheeled vehicle designed to operate in the air. (Rig Veda 4.36.1)
• Vaayu Ratha - a gas or wind-powered chariot. (Rig Veda 5.41.6)
• Vidyut Ratha - a vehicle that operates on power. (Rig Veda 3.14.1).

http://www.bibliotecapleyades.net/vimanas/esp_vimanas_2a.htm

VYMANIKA SHASTRA :

Let us come back to our topic now. First, the "Vymanika Shastra". It was written by Pandit Subbaraya Shastry during 1918-1923 and it contains 3000 slokas in 8 chapters. It was only written by him but the origin of this is attributed to Sage Bharadvaja and his scripture "Yanthra Sarvasva" (which consists 40 sections and Vymanika is one among them). This text written by Shastry was later revealed by G.R.Josyer in 1952 who then translated it in english. In 1991, the english portion along with the illustrations were reprinted by David Hatcher Childress. According to him, this text contains details about secrets of construction of airplanes which cannot be destroyed, secret of making planes motionless and invisible, secrets of hearing conversations and sounds in enemy planes, secrets of retrieving photographs of interiors in the enemy planes, secrets of ascertaining the direction of approach of enemy planes, secrets of destroying enemy planes and making people in enemy planes unconscious. 

The text also talks in detail about various fuel sources used for flying, the composition of metals used in construction of air crafts, the various types of air crafts, the importance of mirros in air crafts and its composition. It mentions about the qualities and skills needed for a pilot to take off the plane, increase and decrease the speed of the plane, stop the plane in the sky, protect the plane when attacked by enemies, the dress code of pilots, food restrictions for them, weather conditions that should be tackled by them when flying etc.

Please go through the following sources to get a clear idea about the fuel sources, the composition and metals used in construction of air crafts, types of air crafts etc.

http://vaimanika.com/new-light-on-vimana-shastra-2012/

http://www.world-mysteries.com/sar_7.htm

http://www.bibliotecapleyades.net/vimanas/vimanas15.htm

http://www.bibliotecapleyades.net/vimanas/vimanas20.htm

Few types of Vimanas mentioned in this text are as follows :

OTHER TEXTS WHICH TALK ABOUT VIMANAS :

Samaranga Sutradhara, a classic architectural text written by King Bhoja also talks about Vimanas, specifically "mercury based" (mercury vortex engine). 

Arthashastra by Koudilya (Chanakya), which talks mainly about politics and qualities of a king, also mentions about "Sowpikas" (pilots). It outlines how pilots should be given importance and recognition by the king.

THE EXPERIMENT :

Now we have come to the second point of our topic, the experiment done by Shivkar Bapuji Talpade. He was born in 1864 in Mumbai. In the year 1895, he flew the first unmanned air craft in Chowpathi Beach - Mumbai. (eight years before the Wright brothers' Wright Flyer) He named his aircraft as Marutsakha (wind-friend). He demonstrated that it could reach nearly to an height of 1500 feet, in the presence of "Sayaji Rao Gaikwad" (The Ruler of Baroda) and Justice Mahadeva Govinda Ranade. The news about this experiment also appeared in the Marathi newspaper "Kesari" which was founded by Lokmanya Bal Gangadhar Tilak.

A Bollywood movie "Hawaizaada" which depicts the life of Shivkar Bapuji Talpade's life is also recently released (Jan 30th 2015).

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawaizaada

CONTROVERSIES :

In the 102nd Indian Science Congress held recently at the Mumbai University (January 2015) organised a session on "ancient sciences through sanskrit" which included a presentation on Vaimanika Shastra. It was presented by Anand J.Bodas, a pilot and Ameya Jadhav, who is an M.A. in sanskrit and also holds an M.Tech degree. Bodas has told the news media that the ancient air crafts not only flew from country to country but also from planet to planet. This has raised several controversies. (see my post "This is what we think about our ancient wisdom").

http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/ancient-india-had-planes-controversial-claim-at-science-congress-722487

There are also controversies going on against the "Vymanika Shastra" text as well as Shivkar Bapuji Talpade's experiment. 

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shivkar_Bapuji_Talpade

FACT OR FICTION?

This question does not have a direct answer. It can be simply said that it is fact for those who believe it and fiction for those who do not believe it. But I would like to emphasize few points here :

1. Science relies on evidence for everything to consider that as a fact. But the absence of evidence does not mean that the evidence itself is absent (not present or not a fact).

2. As previously said in one of my posts "A very basic question" our ancestors have hidden many scientific facts behind mythology. The reason is not because they do not want to share the knowledge, but science without wisdom will aid in destruction rather than construction. That is the main reason why they handed it over orally that too to qualified disciples (Sishya) who have attained the mind maturity to use it only for constructional purposes.

3. The various metals and fuel resources mentioned in the construction of the air craft is also a reason for controversies. We can take it this way. We once used brass and copper vessels mostly in our households. But are we using them now? How many of the modern day kids even know that vessels made of brass can be used in everyday life? Likewise, the metals described here could have also been used in ancient times.

4. If these are considered mythology, then repeated evidences for such things could not have found their place in stories and scriptures again and again. But they are mentioned with proper description and not just as a fairy tale concept.

Thank you all for reading. Please share your thoughts..... 

The fourteen (7*2) Worlds (Lokas)

I think this is the lengthiest posts among the others I have written so far. I have mentioned about Lokas again and again in many of my olden posts. It cannot be easily understood as this concept will make you feel that you understood it fully but will leave you blank the next minute (own experience!!!). When you go deeper and deeper into this topic, you will have so many questions. The very basic thing that we do immediately is comparing these worlds with that of Earth and other Planets. That is the main reason why we say these are pure mythology and not fact. We also say that these are imaginary and do not exist at all. Let us first see from mythological perspective and then see how we should/should not connect with science.

According to Hindu scriptures, there are 14 Worlds in our material Universe (there are many Universes - Multiverse). Many times you would have heard the same  from classical songs also. For example, in "என்ன தவம் செய்தனை யசோதா" song, there is a line which says "ஈரேழு புவனங்கள் படைத்தவனை". We have also heard about "Swarka" and "Naraka". But ever wondered what are the fourteen worlds? where are they? Who live in there? Is it pure mythology or fact? If fact then why can't we locate them? So many questions Isn't it? Let us explore.....

See this Multiverse theory in the form of youtube video. Don't you think that we told this long before in a simple saying "Akilanda kodi Brahmanda nayaka"?

The Worlds are fourteen. But scriptures sometime say "Three Lokas". In the story of "Mahabali" "Vishnu" takes "Vamana Avatar" and measures three worlds "மண், விண், பாதாளம்". Please understand that these three classifications are basic as Urdhva - higher, Madhya - middle and Adho - lower and in each one of them there are many Worlds. Thus the Worlds are 14 in total. Some people classify them as seven higher planetary systems and seven lower planetary systems. So the fourteen Worlds are:

HIGHER PLANETARY SYSTEMS                                   LOWER PLANETARY SYSTEMS

1. Sathya Loka                                                                   Atala - Loka

2. Tapa - Loka                                                                   Vitala - Loka
3. Jana - Loka                                                                    Sutala - Loka
4. Mahar - Loka                                                                 Talatala - Loka
5. Svar - Loka                                                                    Mahatala - Loka
6. Bhuvar - Loka                                                                Rasatala - Loka
7. Bhu - Loka                                                                     Patala - Loka

These 14 Worlds are also within our body as 14 Chakras (7 upper (shown in image) and 7 lower (see image below)) like how five elements (pancha bootham) fire, water, sky, air and earth are within our body. When you search more about kundalini yoga, you can know more about these chakras and their effects on the body. That is why whenever we talk about universe in spirtual aspects, we get an answer that "You are that" "Aham Brahmasmi"

Now let us see the Lokas one by one in detail. I will mention the details as they are in the scriptures, about the distance between each Worlds, who lives in there etc. It is really interesting for those who are curious about this. Please take a look into Jain cosmology of these worlds as well :

1. SATHYA LOKA : This is the highest world in this material Universe and it is the abode of Lord Brahma. we have already seen that his one day + night is 8.6 billion years (refer my end of the world - dooms day post). He lives here along with Goddess Saraswathi. Those who have attained highest spiritual enlightenment (after many many jenmas) in this material Universe, also reach this place and live here (Moksha within this material universe may be!!!!). At the time of final dissolution, (Maha Pralaya which happens when Brahma completes his 100 years of life span according to the time calculations in this Loka - roughly 311 trillion and 40 billion human years) people living here transform their subtle bodies into spiritual bodies and enter the Vaikuntha planets which begins 26,200,000 yojanas (1 yojana = 8 miles and therefore 209600000 miles) above Sathya Loka. The distance between Sun and Sathya Loka is mentioned as 233,800,000 yojanas ( 1,870,400,000 miles). We can also take it from scientific point of view. Considering the ever expanding Universe, all planets and stars have birth and death. Pralaya and Maha Pralaya could be death of few stars/planets and life beginning afresh in different stars/planets.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahma

2. TAPA LOKA : This is situated 120,000,000 yojanas below Sathya Loka (960,000,000 miles). The four sons of Brahma (popularly called as Sanathkumaras) named Sanaka, Sanatana, Sanandana and Sanath live here. When Brahma created Universe first, these kumaras are the first beings created by him to aid him in the creation process. But they were not interested in worldly life and hence refused to aid in the creation process. They opted for ever-lasting devotion to God and thus got a boon to live for the entire life of this material Universe (till the full life time of Brahma) and to retain their age as 5.

3. JANA LOKA : It is situated 80,000,000 yojanas (640,000,000 miles) below Tapa Loka. This is the abode of great saints and sages who have attained more spiritual powers than the other lower Lokas They are able to travel between different worlds in such a speed which is unimaginable to us. At the time of final dissolution, (their dissolution time is different) they transfer their subtle bodies to the highest Loka of this material Universe, Sathya Loka. 

4. MAHAR LOKA : This is situated 20,000,000 yojanas (160,000,000 miles) below Jana Loka. This is also an abode of Rishis and sages but who are little lower in spiritual powers than compared to Jana Loka. Bhrigu Muni lives here. This is located in Inter Galactical space beyond the pivotal point for the turning of Universe. The life span of this Loka and people living in here are 4,300,000,000 solar years. At the time of dissolution, they transform themselves to Sathya Loka.

5. SVAR LOKA - This is what we often call as Swarga Loka and everybody knows at least a little about this. It is where Indra and the Demi-Gods (Devas) live. Apsaras like Ramba, Menaka, Urvasi also live here. The capital of this Loka is Amaravathi. They have the wish fulfilling tree (Karpaga Tree) and cow (Kamadhenu) etc to live their life blissfully here. But not thorough bliss. They also need to fight with Asuras often who try to take control of the Devas and conquer their world. This Loka is the one we call as Heaven where virtuous beings go after death to get their good deeds rewarded. This is in the milky way galaxy beyond Saptarishi Mandala and Pole Star (Dhuruva). This Loka will also be destroyed at the end of every pralaya (one day of Brahma). But till that time Devas also undergo rebirth. If they advance spiritually they go to higher levels or if they indulge only in material pleasures then they go to lower levels and also born as humans. Many stories that we have heard about "Sabham - Curse" often tell that such devas have become humans, animals and also beasts. 

6. BHUVAR LOKA : This is the place which corresponds to our own Solar System and hence include the Sun, Moon, Stars and Planets in our solar system and also include Saptarishi Mandala (Ursa Major Constellation) and Dhuruvaloka (Polaris, the pole star). Semi-divine beings including Sidhas, Charanas and Vidhyadharas live here. When they advance in their spiritual levels they go to the next highest Loka that is Svar Loka. Bhuvar Loka also includes the sky called "Antariksh" which is considered as the lowest of the higher Lokas but immediately about the realm of earth. And this place is considered to be the abode of Yakshas, Rakshashas, Ghosts and other etheral beings. Since this is the Loka which is immediately above Bhu Loka (Earth), we consider these planets, sun, moon and stars influence human life in some way and thus they constitute the major part of "Astrology".

But one thing I would like to mention here. We all have so far visualized Devas and Gods in human form only. Why because since we are humans (and we do not have dimension beyond sixth dimension) we imagine them also as humans. This is another reason why we consider these as mythology. But they could be in different forms as well. So, when we talk about Surya Chandra etc, we should not directly personify them as humans. Instead we should take them as deities who have been assigned the job for the functionality of the said planets/stars. Also since we talked about astrology here, it is worth mentioning that the planetary arrangements are different in vedic astrology when compared to modern astronomy. The following video is worth watching to get an idea about that.

7. BHU LOKA : This we all know. This is planet Earth, home for humans and other species like insects and animals. Since we all live here it does not need much explanation. So let us move to the lower planetary systems (Adho Lokas).

8. ATALA LOKA : Basically the lower lokas start 70000 yojanas (560000 miles) below Earth. These are also known as Bila-Swarga because they indulge in extreme material pleasure, very much more even that of Devas. This is because they have very little or zero sense of spiritualism. Hence these are considered as dark planets where the rays of sun cannot even reach. Hence they are artificially lit by means of gems and jewels and they have no day and night. Atala Loka is the first among the lower lokas. It is ruled by the son of Maya called Bala who has mystical powers.

9. VITALA LOKA : Vitala is ruled by Hara bhava - a form of Shiva along with Bhavani. (We should not take this as Lord Shiva as such but only an "Amsam" or a "different form" of him.

10. SUTALA LOKA : This is the kingdom of Mahabali who is the main character in Vamana Avatar story. After he surrendered to God, he got many riches and was made the king of this Loka. He also has the boon to become the eighth "Indra" (current Indra is "Puranthara" ) in the next manvanthra (eighth) which is going to be preceded by "Savarni Manu".

11. TALATALA LOKA : This is the realm of Maya. Once he created three flying cities and did many attrocities and became a night mare to Devas and Rishis. Hence they all went and complained to Lord Shiva, who then destroyed king Maya's three kingdoms in "Tripura Samhara". Then Maya surrendered to Lord Shiva and pleased by this, Shiva offered this realm to him to rule.

12 - 14. MAHATALA - PAATALA : The residents of these realms are known to be Danavas, Daithyas and Nagas. Thakshaka and Vasuki live here. Thakshaka played an important role in the epic Mahabaratha in the Kurukshethra war. Another Naga princess called Uloopi took Arjuna to Nagaloka (Paatala) and a kid called "Iraavaan" was born to them.

One important point to note here is the "Viswaroopa" shown by Krishna to Arjuna in Mahabarath included these 14 worlds in his body and the lower planets were seen in the lower parts of his body.

NARAKA LOKA (HELLISH PLANETS) - Beneath the seven lower lokas, just above the water of the Garbhodhaka Ocean", in the southern part of the Universe, Naraka Loka is located. Pithru Loka also is situated here. They are mentioned separately and hence do not come under the 14 Lokas. I was wondering why they do not form part of the 14 Lokas. May be since they are temporary (after punishments and certain period of stay in pitru lokha beings are reborn in Earth) and hence they are mentioned like this. Swarga Loka is also a place for virtuous beings but since Devas live permanantly there they are included in 14 Lokas. Types of Narakas are mentioned differently in many scriptures. Overall there are 28 types of Narakas where sinful beings are punished in different ways. This area is controlled by "Yama Dharma" along with his assitant "Chithra Gupta". Few examples of sins that are punished here are :

1. Stealing another person's wealth or wife
2. Deceiving another person
3. Cooking animals and birds alive
4. Eating food without sharing with elders, children, guests etc
5. Lying or giving false promises in business etc.

The list runs on but did not want to go into detail about various types of narakas, sins and punishments and hence gave only the basic summary. Those who are interested in reading can go to this link :

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naraka_%28Hinduism%29

After reading this post fully, one might wonder, where are the main Gods "Shiva" and "Vishnu". When we visualize the material universe as a big egg (Andam), We can see that these two gods are in the two extremes. (We can equate this as north pole and south pole as in planet Earth). Here is an image for you to get clear visualization. The top left is the abode of Shiva and the right is the abode of Durga. The bottom, near the Garbhodhaka ocean, is the abode of Vishnu and Lakshmi.

For your further reading :

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patala
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahabali
http://vedabase.net/sb/2/5/40-41/en2
file:///C:/Users/viji/Downloads/18-maha-puranas-in-english%20(2).pdf

Thank you all for reading and I welcome your comments and criticisms.

Reaction for the Action - Rebirth - Here and in many Worlds!!!!

Rebirth!!! It is always a topic which generates great interest. People are always curious to discuss about this and present their arguments (both favoring and non-favoring) for this concept.

I once again state that I am purely expressing my view on the same here. I believe that this concept is true and also not only limited to earth but to many different worlds too!!!! I have few reasons to believe so.... Will share them at the end.

First, when you look at rebirth, many religions support the concept. Atheists do not generally believe in rebirth but even among them, not everyone. Hinduism strongly believes in rebirth. Almost all of our stories and theories revolve around this concept. We have super simple words to explain this difficult concept. Some among them are "karma" and "punarabi jananam punarabi maranam"

For those who do not believe in this concept, I encourage them to relate this topic to the third law of Newton "For every action, there is an equal or opposite reaction". Do not worry about equal or opposite reaction. Just consider that for every action there is a reaction and that is unavoidable. In such a case, is it logical to believe that a human being (even though all living beings go into the cycle of rebirth, let us only consider human beings here) performing millions of actions during his whole life time to vanish just like that without any traces of consequences? Is it possible?

Some might say that without rebirth, those souls are waiting to get their sins punished or good deeds rewarded (heaven and hell concept) and then they travel to the path of salvation. If we consider this as true, then every human being (only talking about humans again) take birth for the first time, spend their life in whatever manner they want, get punished or rewarded after death and then attain salvation. If that is the case, why do we have to see a lot of discrimination when a child is born. One is born wealthy and one poor, one healthy and one disabled, one with all relatives and one as an orphan and so on.... Isn't it unfair? What reason other than rebirth can you say for these discrimination? This explanation is given by Maha Periyava for the question of rebirth.....

Now let me tell my perception on this. I believe in this general concept of rebirth according to Hinduism, where a person after his life goes to heaven (for getting rewards) or hell (for getting punishments) and then take birth again. Heaven and Hell are different Lokas and I will present an article for these Lokas soon... Many of our emotional thoughts are also associated with rebirth like our instant like/hatred on someone whom we are meeting for the first time, feeling vary familiar to a place where we have not gone before etc.. Is this rebirth concept only limited to Earth? This is where I have different thoughts.

As you know, there are different time period for different worlds. For instance, one human year is one day for the Devas. One day of Brahma is 4.3 billion human years (Brahma lives 100 years according to this time metric). So Demigods through Brahma also have lifespan which includes Birth and Death. So where do they go after their life? Are they just vanishing or going to upper worlds stage by stage? Also we have heard about இந்திர பதவி, பிரம்ம பதவி etc. Even in one of the spiritual discourses of Velukkudi Krishnan, he mentioned "வியாச பதவி". This clearly indicates that different people come to the same post (பதவி). So where do the old people (who were in that post before) go? Have they taken different form in different world and is this process called rebirth for them? Please consider this திருக்குறள் also :

"வையத்துள் வாழ்வாங்கு வாழ்பவன் வானுறையும்
தெய்வத்துள் வைக்கப் படும்"

If a human being can ascend to upper world as Deva or descend to lower world as Asura (apart from rebirth in this same Earth) why can't they (celestial beings) also ascend or descend to different worlds according to their karma? (actions) Different worlds are different Lokhas. May be yes, May be no.... It is only my perception.